Creative Journal Prompts for the Elementary Classroom

Many elementary teachers feel stuck when they first implement journaling into their classroom routine. They want their students to produce high-quality writing but struggle to come up with engaging topics to stimulate deep thinking. Dont fall into the trap of telling your students to write about whatever they want when they journal. This will result in wasted time generating topics and unfocused writing. Well-chosen journal prompts yield productive creative writing and make a teachers life easier. Get started with these journal topics. Journal Prompts for the Classroom These 24 journal prompts are teacher-tested and sure to inspire your students to do their best writing. Use these to begin your journaling routine and find out what topics your students most enjoy writing about. What is your favorite season? Describe how you feel during that time of year.What people in your life inspire you and why?Write about your favorite and least favorite subject in school and explain your reasoning.What do you want to be when you grow up? Try to describe at least three jobs that you think you would enjoy and be good at.What is your favorite holiday to celebrate with your family and what traditions do you share?What qualities do you look for in a friend? Explain how you make sure you are a good friend.When is the last time you apologized for something you did? Describe how apologizing felt.Use sensory detail (sight, smell, hearing, touch, and taste) to describe what you do each day when you come home from school.If you could design a whole day to do anything you wanted, what would you choose to do and who would be with you?If you could choose one superpower to have for a day, what would it be and how would you use your power?Do you think children should be told when to g o to bed? Explain what you think would be a fair bedtime and why.Write about what it would be like to switch places with someone in your life (parent, sibling, grandparent, neighbor, teacher, etc.). Describe the biggest differences.If you could go back in time to fix a big mistake you made but it would cause you to make a different mistake, would you fix the big one? Why or why not.If you could choose one age and stay that age forever, what would you choose? Describe why this is the perfect age to be.What historical event do you wish that you couldve seen for yourself and why?Write about what you do on the weekends. How do your weekends differ from your weekdays?What are your favorite and least favorite foods? Try to describe what they taste like to someone thats never had them.What unusual animal do you think would make a better pet than a dog? Explain why.What cheers you up when you are feeling sad? Describe in detail.Describe your favorite game (board game, sport, video game, etc .). What do you like about it?Write a story about the time you turned invisible.What do you wonder about what its like to be an adult?What is a skill you have that you are most proud of? Why does it make you proud and how did you learn it?Imagine that you went to school and there were no teachers! Talk about what that day would be like.

A Case Study Involving A Counselor Who Violates The...

When one is dealing with a lot of issues, they may start to feel a bit overwhelmed. After so long, these issues may be hard for them to deal with on their own. They may struggle to cope throughout their daily life. As a result, they may seek professional help that will assist them with overcoming these issues. These counselors have ethical standards they should uphold, in hopes of respecting their client. What happens when the counselor oversteps their boundaries and imposes their own beliefs on their client? This paper will introduce a case study involving a counselor who violates the American Counseling Association Code of Ethics, which every counselor should respect. Joe is a 35 year old mental health counselor and has recently received a referral to counsel a 35 year old female named Jill. Jill is currently struggling with depression and anxiety, which is heightened by her dissatisfaction with her job. During their counseling session, Jill revealed that she is confused about her sexual preference and is attracted to women. Joe informs Jill that her feelings are unacceptable and he would rather not talk about them, because of his religion. Jill continued to see Joe, but the conversation shifted to issues that Jill was currently having with her family. Following that incident, Joe informed Jill of a rebirthing technique that he recently became familiar with. The technique involved wiping out Jill’s memory of her family, by hypnotizing her. Jill strongly opposed tryingShow MoreRelatedEthics and Counselor3763 Words   |  16 PagesCase Vignette1: Jessica Jessica is sixteen years old, and is sent to the school counselor following concerns from her year level coordinator. Jessica is finding it difficult to concentrate in class, is continuously late to school, and often arrives to school disheveled and unkempt. 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AllRead MoreEssay Paper84499 Words   |  338 Pagesappendixes E and F apply to Army National Guard Soldiers when on AD Title 10, for 30 days or more, and in all other cases, Army National Guard Soldiers are governed by NGR 600–21 and NGR 600–22. Portions of this regulation that prescribe specific conduct are punitive, and violations of these provisions may subject offenders to nonjudicial or judicial action under the Uniform Code of Military Justice. The equal opportunity terms found in the glossary are applicable only to uniformed personnelRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagesretirement buyouts. Additionally, employees were promised profit sharing, which has resulted in up to three weeks additional pay in profit sharing bonuses in some years. The test of the change is in the results. GE Fanuc’s revenue is up women employees, who composed about three-fourths of the bank’s workers. As a result, several years later about one-fourth of all managers and executives are women. Similar attention also was focused on other diverse groups of employees. So that all employees were givenRead MoreAdvancing Effective Communicationcommunication, Cultural Competence, and Patient- and Family-Centered Care Quality Safety Equity53293 Words   |  214 PagesSection 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the Americans with Disabilities Act: Effective Communication for People Who Are Deaf/Hard of Hearing .................................................................. ..............................................................................68 ADA Business Brief: DOJ Assistance for Communicating with People Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing in Hospital Settings ..69 Settlements and Court Cases Involving Deaf or Hard-of-Hearing Persons in Hospital SettingsRead More1000 Word Essay85965 Words   |  344 Pages Leadership ......................................... 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IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OCTOBER 29, 2009 Mr. DINGELL (for himself, Mr. RANGEL, Mr. WAXMAN, Mr. GEORGE MILLER of California, Mr. STARK, Mr. PALLONE, and Mr. ANDREWS) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and in addition to the Committees on EducationRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesStudents achieve concept mastery in a rich, structured environment that’s available 24/7 Instructors personalize and manage their course more effectively with assessment, assignments, grade tracking, and more manage time better study smarter save money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  »

Running Head Substance abuse in prisons. Free Essays

In most prisons in the world, alcohol dependence is the most prevalence substance abuse.   Most prisoners are said to depend on alcohol and drugs, to relieve stress and tension.   This has been linked to the fact that most inmates are imprisoned for drug – related offences. We will write a custom essay sample on Running Head: Substance abuse in prisons. or any similar topic only for you Order Now    These criminals are believed to introduce drugs and alcohol in prison.   The majority of the prison population has shown some evidence of substance abuse.   In Canada, research has shown that at least 7 – 10 inmates have engaged in activities of drug and alcohol abuse. The use of drugs and alcohol in prisons is highly spreading.   Research has shown that women have more severe substance abuse problems than men.   They have also shown a tendency of being involved in hard drugs such as cocaine and heroine than men. These women also have a higher rate of injection drug use than men, at approximately 91%. Heroin is the type of drug abused by most inmates in state prisons of Toronto and Montrà ©al, while in Atlantic Canada alcohol and cocaine are the most abused. Alcohol and drugs are available in almost all prison facilities in the world.   Research studies have shown that drug trade is much more rampant and violent in the prison than on the street. Despite the efforts to eliminate drugs in prison inmates have always been discovered to test positive for drug tests. The types of drugs available in prison include marijuana, alcohol, drugs, cocaine, tranquilizers, opiates, Hallucinogens, stimulants, sedatives and heroin.   Marijuana is the most common drugs while heroin is the least available drug in prison. Drugs treatment programmes available in California state prison. Programmes for drugs abuse treatment in this prison include, detoxication programmes, therapeutic programmes, drug courts, transitional treatment, maintenance and aftercare and pharmacotherapy methods. In California prison state intensive intervention services are reserved for offenders who are viewed as high risk.   The treatment available is designed to target behaviors that are predicative of criminal behavior. In this prison, treatment techniques such as coping skills training have been used to reduce substance abuse.   Inmates are trained on how to cope in prison without drugs and also given social skills and employment skills. These skills assist in keeping them focused on other positive activities.   Structured relapse prevention techniques are established to prevent inmates from relapsing into substance abuse.   Stress management sessions are held in prisons to help prisoners deal with drug withdrawal symptoms. Willing prisoners are asked to set their goals of treatment and work step by step to achieve them.   This way they are motivated to stop drug abuse.   Community reinforcement techniques have also been started. The community offers its services to the prisoners through voluntary services to encourage motivate them in stopping substance abuse.   However, these treatment programs have not been very effective in the prison.   The programs are not enough to stop usage o f substance abuse in prisons. Conclusion I think that more treatment programmes should be established in the prison.   Control and detection programmes should be established to detect any form of drug smuggling into the prison.   Visitors and new prisoners must be thoroughly checked before entering the prison compound.   Routine searches should also be done in the prison frequently to discourage any form of drug or alcohol storage in the prison. Comprehensive screening and assessment of inmates on entry should be performed to identify the treatment programme suitable for each patient. Drug detection dogs should be introduced in the prison to facilitate drug detection in the prison.   Visitors’ areas should be modified to the designs and layouts that are open and easily accessible.   The visiting areas should be completely separated from the inmates section by an impassable barrier. The way against drug and substance should be intensified to eliminate them from our society. References. Substance abuse in corrections. http://www.ccsa.ca/pdf/ccsa-011058-2004.pdf.as retrieved on 26/10/2007. Alcohol info. http://www.alcoholinfo.nsw.gov.au/justice_system/corrections_system as retrieved on 20 Jul 2007. Heroin addiction treatment. http://www.alcoholinfo.nsw.gov.au/justice_system/corrections_system as retrieved on 20 Jul 2007. How to cite Running Head: Substance abuse in prisons., Essay examples

Study Related Law of Commerce in Australia †Myasssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss About the Study Related Law of Commerce in Australia? Answer: Introduction: This essay will analyze the case study related to the law of commerce in Australia. Law of commerce is the part of business law or also known as business law regulates commercial activities of the companies. There are various principles of the Australian commercial or business law includes consumer law, environmental law, competition law, and others laws that protect the consumers and traders as well. Along with this, this essay will includes assess and discuss that what was happened in the case. It will analyze the reason of loss happened to Brent. This essay will show that how Brent suffered loss and what he did to get justice for that. Furthermore, this essay discusses the Australian Law applicable to this case and what principles are suggested in that law. Apart from this, this essay discusses the Australian Consumer Law and its principles. It also provide the application of the Australian Consumer Law in the given case and discusses that what rights Brent has in Australian Consu mer Law to protect his rights and get justice for the loss he gained. Eventually, it will include a summary of the case discussed in the essay that will provide a short brief of the case and its result. Case: Brent with his spouse decided to go on tour. He found a tour and travel website ROCKY TOURS. Brent did online chat with Melody where Brent stated his wife needs easy tour as she had difficulty in walking. Melody also was told that Kate the wife of Brent does not know how to swim, so he (Brent) is worried about the river part in the tour. However, Melody assured that the river part of the tour was only for 8 hours cruise down in Canada. Brent contacted online and signed the agreement without properly reading the terms and conditions. The terms and condition were clearly stating that ROCKY TOURS will not be liable any injury or death happens to the tourist or Brent and Kate. It was also mentioned in the terms and condition that the activities or business of the ROCKY TOURS are out of Australian Consumer Law, as ACL is not applicable to any tour package purchased through ROCKY TOURS. Brent was sent a itinerary of detailed information that which day what tour has to be done among from th e coach, train, and river cruise. The tour was for 20 days. After enjoying the 9 days of the tour, the time was for river cruise. There were only 8 hours in day nine. They were told that they had to enter into the rafts and had to enjoy the traveling down the rapids of water. Brent and Kate were not aware of that as Melody did not tell to Brent about while booking the tour. However, Brent clearly told to tour guide that his spouse Kate do not how to swim. But the tour guide replied that they had to do it for get down the river as they were in wilderness. However, they were got into the rafts but unfortunately their turned over. Kate the wife of Brent, as she did not know to swim, tried to be afloat but failed and drown in the river. Applicable law: The Australian consumer law protects the interest of the consumers. It regulates on the unfair contract terms, consumer rights guarantee, product safety law, unsolicited consumer agreement and others area in business (ACCC, 2017). The Australian Consumer Law includes some principles for regulating the business practices for protecting the consumers. These principles are There must be fair trade practices by the businesses with consumers The products must be such that may not harm the customers There should not be an harassment and solicited agreement in sales practices The main aim of the consumer law is to protect the rights of the consumers against business, if the business found guilty of unfair trade practices, unsolicited agreement and others. The consumer rights and guarantee is the main concern the consumer law (ACL, 2017). The Australian Consumer Law is regulated and applied by the Australian Consumer and Competition Commission and State Territories and Agencies in Australia. The consumer law states that the consumers well informed about the products and services by the traders and businesses. Here, the case is related to consumer guarantee for services. The consumers guarantee is applicable in the areas such as safety of products, long lasting of products, no fault products. In case of services, the services must be provided with proper consideration of the technical aspects and all the required actions for avoiding the losses. According to Australian Consumer Law, the grieved party can sue against the suppliers, if the services of the sup pliers do not meet the consumer guarantee in regarding of services (ACL, 2017). In consumer law, there are various rights available for consumers such as right to repair, right to replace, right to be informed, right to sue and other rights. Application of law: Here in the case of Brent Vs Melody, the case is related to the consumer guarantee. It is because the Brent denied and evinced his concern for the river part of the tour but Melody assure Brent about this part for not to worry by saying that they will have to cruise down the river. But the river was during the 8 hours shown rapid surges that caused a serious loss to Brent as the raft on which he embarked on, over turned. Due to that, Kate was drowned, as she did not know how to swim. Therefore, Brent has the legal rights to sue against ROCKT TOURS for its mistake and neglecting the consumer guarantee. Brent can sue against ROCKY TOURS for death of his wife, due to negligence behavior of the tour guides (ACL, 2017). Here, in this case, Melody from ROCKY TOURS assured Brent for not to worry about that, as the river cruise will be within the period of 8 hours. Melody said that the river is down within this period. Although, Brent signed the agreement with ROCKEY TOURS without reading th e terms and condition of the agreement or contract. Along with this, as per the Australian Consumer Law, Brent has right to take legal action against the ROCKEY TOURS because Melody is involve in the unfair contract terms. The melody assured to Brent that river will be 8-hour cruise down but it was shown rapid surges. In this way, Brent has valid proof as live chat with melody that can prove that Melody assured to Brent for the slow river surges as Brent live chat. On the other hand, as per the Product liability regulation, Brent also can take the legal action against the ROCKEY TOURS because in Australia product safety and information standards are designed to ensure that harmful products are not deliver to consumers which is harmful for the consumers health (ACL, 2017). The Melody is the employee of the ROCKEY TOURS that breached the consumer guarantee through providing the false information about the river surges to Brent. Along with this, ROCKEY TOURS does not inform to tour guide about the contract terms that Brents wife Kate cannot swim and rafting in rapids is not included in the itinerary. This makes the Melody or ROCKEY TOURS fault and cause of a serious loss to Brent. Therefore, as per the unfair contract terms, Brent can sue the case against the ROCKEY TOURS. At the same time, it is responsibility of the tour operator that they make the attention of consumers on the terms and conditions of the company during the contract but Melody does not perform his duty well. As per the principle of Australian consumer law, during the contract with consumers the business practices should be fair trade practices (Austrade, 2017). But in case between the ROCKEY TOURS and Brent all the fair trade practices were breached by the melody through does not getting the attention of the Brent on the terms and conditions of the company. Thus, Brent has all the legal rights to take the legal action against the ROCKEY TO URS. Conclusion: From the above report, it can be said that the essay properly found the loss, reason behind the loss, and the mistakes and negligence of the ROCKY TOURS. It is found that there was an agreement between the ROCKY TOURS and Brent for 20 days tours. But during the tour, the wife of Brent was drowned in the river while rafting the in the river. Furthermore, it is found that Brent already showed his concern for river cruise part as Kate did not know to swim. Moreover, it is identified that Melody assured Brent for this part by saying that they can do river cruise in between 8 hours when the river down. This essay identified that the Brent had legal rights against ROCKY TOURS, as there is principle of consumer guarantee was breached here. Brent could sue against for ROCKY TOURS for compensating tReferences:he loss. He could file that ROCKY TOURS underestimated the inability of Kate for walking and swimming. Therefore, overall, it can be said that Brent had legal right against ROCKY TOURS u nder Australian Consumer Law. References: ACCC, (2017) Consumer guarantees. [Online]. Available at: https://www.accc.gov.au/consumers/consumer-rights-guarantees/consumer-guarantees (Accessed: 07 May, 2017). ACL, (2017) An Introduction to the Australian Consumer Law. [Online]. Available at: https://consumerlaw.gov.au/consumer-policy-in-australia/resources/an-introduction-to-the-australian-consumer-law/ (Accessed: 07 May, 2017). ACL, (2017) Business and the ACL. [Online]. Available at: https://consumerlaw.gov.au/business-and-the-acl/ (Accessed: 07 May, 2017). ACL, (2017) Consumers and the ACL. [Online]. Available at: https://consumerlaw.gov.au/consumers-and-the-acl/ (Accessed: 07 May, 2017). Austrade, (2017) Australian business and environment laws. [Online]. Available at: https://www.austrade.gov.au/International/Invest/Guide-to-investing/Running-a-business/Understanding-Australian-business-regulation/Australian-business-and-environment-laws (Accessed: 07 May, 2017).

A reaction to rizals life in dapitan essays

A reaction to rizal's life in dapitan essays Jose Rizal, a man with so many accomplishments. Jose Rizal gives all of us inspiration in all the things we do. He is inspires us to be hardworking and diligent, which most of us are not. I am amazed that even though Rizal was in exile, he didnt mind the fact that he was sent to Dapitan to live like a prisoner and yet he still manages to accomplish many things. He has taught the poor Mindanao folk to unite for trading so that they may become independent and free themselves from the Chinese and thus become less exploited, in the sense that he organized a cooperative even in exile. While many people would be in panic, despair or lose hope for any success in their lives because of being exiled Jose Rizal continued to serve his country. This is what made Jose Rizal stand out of the others as a hero to a nation. He was truly a man of action. He always put his countrymen first before him. He truly was a man of action, he did not only looked over the people nor just tell people what to do, he helped them in their everyday work. Rizal was intelligent and yet very humble. Right now I wish that the tree he planted would somehow magically make Rizal appear in this time of ours so that I can praise him for what he did for us. Rizal truly was a person for his countrymen, he truly was a patriot and nationalistic for he never wanted to see his fellow countrymen being oppressed and being exploited. I wish I could go to Dapitan for a glimpse of how our hero lived in Dapitan while being exiled. Last June 19, we celebrated Rizal's 143rd birthday. That's two lifetimes for the average Filipino, quite a long time. But not really so when one thinks about the baluno tree he nurtured and which grows to this day as our living connection to him and when one thinks about the issues he cared about and which continue to challenge us today: health, education, poverty and inequality. It would be such an honor to know more about our hero. ...

Free Essays on Washington Irving

Irving, Washington (1783-1859), American writer, the first American author to achieve international renown, who created the fictional characters Rip Van Winkle and Ichabod Crane. The critical acceptance and enduring popularity of Irving's tales involving these characters proved the effectiveness of the short story as an American literary form. Born in New York City, Irving studied law at private schools. After serving in several law offices and traveling in Europe for his health from 1804 to 1806, he was eventually admitted to the bar in 1806. His interest in the law was neither deep nor long-lasting, however, and Irving began to contribute satirical essays and sketches to New York newspapers as early as 1802. A group of these pieces, written from 1802 to 1803 and collected under the title Letters of Jonathan Oldstyle, Gent., won Irving his earliest literary recognition. From 1807 to 1808 he was the leading figure in a social group that included his brothers William Irving and Peter Irving and William's brother-in-law James Kirke Paulding; together they wrote Salmagundi, or, the Whim-Whams and Opinions of Launcelot Langstaff, Esq., and Others, a series of satirical essays and poems on New York society. Irving's contributions to this miscellany established his reputation as an essayist and wit, and this reputation wa! s enhanced by his next work, A History of New York (1809), ostensibly written by Irving's famous comic creation, the Dutch-American scholar Diedrich Knickerbocker. The work is a satirical account of New York State during the period of Dutch occupation (1609-1664); Irving's mocking tone and comical descriptions of early American life counterbalanced the nationalism prevalent in much American writing of the time. Generally considered the first important contribution to American comic literature, and a great popular success from the start, the work brought Irving considerable fame and financial reward. In 1815 Irving we... Free Essays on Washington Irving Free Essays on Washington Irving Washington Irving: The Self-educated Author The year was 1804 and Washington Irving was on his way to Europe. He embarked on this journey because of his parents’ concern for his health, and to complete his education. His trip was short but well accomplished, learning many things, which helped benefit his writing future. He traveled back to the states and realized that his trip was well worth the time and effort. Irving made one of the most life changing decisions in his life by traveling back to Europe, he decided not only this but also to start an import/export business. Successful, he was not. The business went bankrupt shortly after. Irving then decided to improve his writing knowledge and ability by traveling abroad Europe. In the process of trying to gain great knowledge on many of things he received horrifying news, shortly before his 24th birthday, that his mother died. Irving thought and grieved upon this and decided that it would be best if he stayed in Europe. This greatly impacted his knowledge of writing an d what he was going to write about. The death of Washington Irving’s mother made him convinced he needed to stay in Europe, greatly influencing one of his most famous writings, Rip Van Winkle. (Hill 482-483) Irving lived among a family who was of much literary prestige. He gained only a fragment of necessary education, receiving what little he had in male seminaries. However, he completed his education on his own well before the age of sixteen. He was sent by his parents to explore in the wilderness at an early age. He explored the countryside of Old Dutch New York and The Catskills Mountain. He studied law privately, but did so only briefly. (Unger 297) His family owned a small business, which he helped run with his two brothers. In 1804 Washington’s health started to become bad. His parents made one of the most influential decisions that they would ever make; this was to send their son to Europe. At this t... Free Essays on Washington Irving Irving, Washington (1783-1859), American writer, the first American author to achieve international renown, who created the fictional characters Rip Van Winkle and Ichabod Crane. The critical acceptance and enduring popularity of Irving's tales involving these characters proved the effectiveness of the short story as an American literary form. Born in New York City, Irving studied law at private schools. After serving in several law offices and traveling in Europe for his health from 1804 to 1806, he was eventually admitted to the bar in 1806. His interest in the law was neither deep nor long-lasting, however, and Irving began to contribute satirical essays and sketches to New York newspapers as early as 1802. A group of these pieces, written from 1802 to 1803 and collected under the title Letters of Jonathan Oldstyle, Gent., won Irving his earliest literary recognition. From 1807 to 1808 he was the leading figure in a social group that included his brothers William Irving and Peter Irving and William's brother-in-law James Kirke Paulding; together they wrote Salmagundi, or, the Whim-Whams and Opinions of Launcelot Langstaff, Esq., and Others, a series of satirical essays and poems on New York society. Irving's contributions to this miscellany established his reputation as an essayist and wit, and this reputation wa! s enhanced by his next work, A History of New York (1809), ostensibly written by Irving's famous comic creation, the Dutch-American scholar Diedrich Knickerbocker. The work is a satirical account of New York State during the period of Dutch occupation (1609-1664); Irving's mocking tone and comical descriptions of early American life counterbalanced the nationalism prevalent in much American writing of the time. Generally considered the first important contribution to American comic literature, and a great popular success from the start, the work brought Irving considerable fame and financial reward. In 1815 Irving we...

Patient Controlled Analgesia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Patient Controlled Analgesia - Essay Example 1989). This was first introduced in 1970 into obstetric practise where the patient simply controlled the administration of i.v. pethidine by operation of a spring loaded clamp on an infusion set! In a way, it mimics the use of the PCA 50:50 nitrous oxide/oxygen gas mixture (Entonox). Patient Controlled Analgesia refers to a particular type of breakthrough dosing used when a predetermined parenteral drug dose is injected following the push of a button. In reality not all PCA breakthrough doses are controlled or administered by patients, who may be physically or mentally impaired. Clinicians or families may administer the breakthrough dose in such cases, which is still often (erroneously) called the PCA dose. Thus, in practice parenteral breakthrough doses, when programmed by a pump are often referred to as PCA doses, regardless of who administers the dose. In a general sense, patient-controlled analgesia refers to a process where patients can determine when and how much medication the y receive, regardless of analgesic technique. On the other hand, the term is more commonly used to describe a method of pain relief which uses disposable or electronic infusion devices and allows patients to self-administer analgesic drugs, usually intravenous (i.v.) opioids, as required. Patient-controlled analgesia produces a modest improvement in pain relief over a 24 hour period compared with conventional analgesia. It is preferred by patients, and is not associated with additional side effects. For many patients, mainly those having major abdominal surgery, PCA offers the greatest pain relief and the most flexibility. A PCA device consists of a pump, a reservoir to hold the drug and a handset with a button that administers a dose of drug when activated by the patient. Patient receives pain medication by pressing a button permitting the patient to take control of the pain. This eases the anxious waiting for pain relief and the peaks of pain (Macintyre PE, Runciman WB, Webb RK. 1 990). Patient controlled analgesia is widely used for postoperative pain relief in both children and adults. Unfortunately, postoperative pain control is often the last concern discussed with patients even though it can become the major concern after the operation is performed. Most patients are more worried concerning the potential surgery and anaesthetic complications prior to surgery, than they are with pain control after surgery. Therefore, patients are often overshadowed by the patient's anxiety regarding the procedure Postoperative pain management actually starts preoperatively. The anaesthesiologists and surgeon will decide on a plan prior to the surgery. A major deciding factor with regard to choosing an appropriate plan will depend on whether the patient is to be discharged the same day (day surgery) or will be admitted after surgery. With right preoperative teaching and encouragement, children as young as 6 to 7 years of age can independently use the PCA pump to provide good post operative pain relief (Kluger and Owen H. 1990). Children between the ages of 4 and 6, though, generally require encouragement from the parents and nursing staff to push the button before anticipated painful movements or

Behavioural Finance in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Behavioural Finance in Business - Essay Example Tapping telephone calls, monitoring computer and internet usage, and screening e-mails are some of the common employee surveillance practices. This paper will critically discuss the influence of workplace surveillance on managing people at work from the perspectives of both employers and employees. The paper will particularly focus on three relevant issues such as performance management, employee privacy, and use of information technology. Performance management Productive performance management is the ultimate goal of workplace surveillance programs. In order to effectively manage workplace or employee performance, it is necessary to measure employee performance levels frequently. Management professionals claim that surveys or other studies may not be an effective way to measure employees’ work performance and productivity. Furthermore, workplace surveillance is the only potential mechanism in today’s business environment as it is an impossible task for line managers a nd other executives to monitor each employee separately. Therefore, a vast majority of management experts strongly support the use of electronic surveillance techniques in the workplace. According to the 2007 Electronic Monitoring & Surveillance Survey conducted by the American Management Association (AMA 2007), nearly 45% of business organizations monitor their employees’ computer, internet, and phone usage. The survey also indicates that a notable percent of employees were terminated for offensive language; excessive personal use of company properties; viewing, downloading, uploading offensive content; and breach of the firm’s confidential rules (ibid). These survey results support the top managements’ argument that workplace surveillance must be in operation to improve value chain efficiency and overall organizational productivity. From an employer’s perspective, the workplace surveillance system would put a moral check on employees and hence they may become more productive. In addition, if there is a workplace system in operation, employees would be conscious of future consequences in case of any workplace misconduct.  

What were Theodore Roosevelt's main contributions to American history Essay

What were Theodore Roosevelt's main contributions to American history - Essay Example He made the title of the President, instead of the political parties or the Congress, the epicenter of American government and legislation. Roosevelt also transformed the governments relationship to large industries and businesses. Preceding his presidency, the administration had normally given the giants of business and commerce complete freedom and authority to achieve their objectives. The President, however, considered that the government should have the right and the duty to control and regulate large industries so that its engagements did not negatively disturb the common public. In addition, Roosevelt transformed foreign affairs, deeming that the nation had a global duty and that a solid foreign policy helped the countrys concerns. He decided to get involved in Latin America with little reluctance. He also worked with the Congress to reinforce the U.S. Navy, which he knew would discourage possible enemies from aiming the country. He spent time in discussing peace agreements, exerting to balance power in the world. He was accountable for instigating several antitrust laws, and he effectively persuaded the US offer to construct the Panama Canal. He also negotiated the termination of the Russo-Japanese War in 1905. The most well liked President up to his time, Teddy Roosevelt used his fervor to shape concerns, and to affect opinions and in the process, transformed the executive office

Types Of Operating Systems Computer Science Essay

Types Of Operating Systems Computer Science Essay An operating system, or OS, is a software program that enables the computer hardware to communicate and operate with the computer software. Without a computer operating system, a computer would be useless. In computing. operating system (OS) linked between hardware and user, which is responsible for the management and coordination of activities and the sharing of the resources of a computer, that acts as a host for computing applications run on the machine. One of the purposes of an operating system is to handle the resource allocation and access protection of the hardware. This relieves the application programmers from having to manage these details. Explanation At the simplest level, an operating system does two things: It manages the hardware and software resources of the system. In a desktop computer, these resources include such things as the processor, memory, disk space and more (On a cell phone, they include the keypad, the screen, the address book, the phone dialer, the battery and the network connection). It provides a stable, consistent way for applications to deal with the hardware without having to know all the details of the hardware. Operating systems offers many services to application programs and usersApplications access these services through application programming interfaces (APIs) or system calls. By invoking these interfaces, the application can request a service from the operating system, pass parameters, and receive the results of the operation. Users may also interact with the operating system with some kind of software user interface like typing commands by using command line interface (CLI) or using a graphical user interface. For hand-held and desktop computers, the user interface is generally considered part of the operating system. On large multi-user systems such as Unix-like systems, the user interface is generally implemented as an application program that runs outside the operating system. Types of Operating Systems As computers have progressed and developed so have the types of operating systems. Below is a basic list of the different types of operating systems. Within the broad family of operating systems, there are generally four types, categorized based on the types of computers they control and the sort of applications they support. The categories are: 1.Real-time operating system (RTOS) Real-time operating systems are used to control machinery, scientific instruments and industrial systems. An RTOS typically has very little user-interface capability, and no end-user utilities, since the system will be a sealed box when delivered for use. A very important part of an RTOS is managing the resources of the computer so that a particular operation executes in precisely the same amount of time, every time it occurs. In a complex machine, having a part move more quickly just because system resources are available may be just as catastrophic as having it not move at all because the system is busy. 2. Single-user, single task As the name implies, this operating system is designed to manage the computer so that one user can effectively do one thing at a time. The Palm OS for Palm handheld computers is a good example of a modern single-user, single-task operating system. 3. Single-user, multi-tasking This is the type of operating system most people use on their desktop and laptop computers today. Microsofts Windows and Apples MacOS platforms are both examples of operating systems that will let a single user have several programs in operation at the same time. For example, its entirely possible for a Windows user to be writing a note in a word processor while downloading a file from the Internet while printing the text of an e-mail message. 4. Multi-user A multi-user operating system allows many different users to take advantage of the computers resources simultaneously. The operating system must make sure that the requirements of the various users are balanced, and that each of the programs they are using has sufficient and separate resources so that a problem with one user doesnt affect the entire community of users. Unix, VMS and mainframe operating systems, such as MVS, are examples of multi-user operating systems. Examples of most popular operating systems : Windows XP is an operating system produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, and media centers. It was released in 2001. The name XP is short for eXPerience.[3] Windows XP is the successor to both Windows 2000 Professional and Windows Me, and is the first consumer-oriented operating system produced by Microsoft to be built on the Windows NT kernel and architecture. Windows XP was first released on October 25, 2001, and over 400 million copies were in use in January 2006, according to an estimate in that month by an IDC analyst.[4] It was succeeded by Windows Vista, which was released to volume license customers on November 8, 2006, and worldwide to the general public on January 30, 2007. Direct OEM and retail sales of Windows XP ceased on June 30, 2008. Microsoft continued to sell XP through their System Builders (smaller OEMs who sell assembled computers) program until January 31, 2009.[5][6] XP may continue to be available as these sources run through their inventory or by purchasing Windows Vista Ultimate or Business and then downgrading to Windows XP. MS-DOS MS-DOS is an operating system for x86 based personal computers, which was purchased by Microsoft. It was the most commonly used member of the DOS family of operating systems, and was the main operating system for personal computers during the 1980s[citation needed] and 1990s. It was preceded by M-DOS (also called MIDAS), designed and copyrighted by Microsoft in 1979. MSDOS was written for the Intel 8086 family of microprocessors, particularly the IBM PC and compatibles. It was gradually replaced on consumer desktop computers by operating systems offering a graphical user interface (GUI), in particular by various generations of the Microsoft Windows operating system. MS-DOS developed out of QDOS (Quick and Dirty Operating System), also known as 86-DOS . Several versions were released under different names for different hardware.[3] MS-DOS had eight major versions released before Microsoft stopped development in 2000. Unix UNIX is an operating system which was first developed in the 1960s, and has been under constant development ever since. By operating system, we mean the suite of programs which make the computer work. It is a stable, multi-user, multi-tasking system for servers, desktops and laptops. UNIX systems also have a graphical user interface (GUI) similar to Microsoft Windows which provides an easy to use environment. However, knowledge of UNIX is required for operations which arent covered by a graphical program. The UNIX operating system is made up of three parts; the kernel, the shell and the programs. The kernel of UNIX is the hub of the operating system: it allocates time and memory to programs and handles the filestore and communications in response to system calls. The shell acts as an interface between the user and the kernel. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system http://www.howstuffworks.com/operating-system.htm/printable

A Review of Emma :: essays research papers

A Review of Emma I’ve read Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, and most recently Emma. All of them are wonderful, and I can never decide which one is my favorite book by Jane Austen. But definitely Emma is, to me, a very engaging one. I have no special feeling about this book at first glance. Because of Jane Austen, I choose it and take some patience to read. And finally, the patience is greatly rewarded. Emma is a timeless story which is both funny and compelling. The characters are all really well developed, especially Emma, a 21-year-old girl, who is portrayed as incredibly human. The story is, briefly, about Emma, who is young, beautiful, rich and witty and lives with her father Mr. Woodhouse. She has vowed herself never to marry, but loves to play a matchmaker. She has just matched her tutor, Miss Taylor, up with Mr. Weston. She is quite proud of her success and finds satisfaction in it. In her arrogance, she believes that she knows what is right for everyone, and determined to appoint herself Cupid for all of her friends. Mr. Knightley, a neighbor and the brother of her older sister’s husband, warns her not to meddle in the other’s affairs, but she doesn’t take it seriously. She takes care of a young girl of unknown parentage named Harriet. Harriet is in love with a farmer named Robert Martin, but Emma thinks that he is beneath her, so she encourages Harriet to set her sights on Mr. Elton, a local vicar, as a future husband. Poor Harriet is completely bowled over by Emma. But unfortunately, everything goes to the opposite side, and fina lly Emma knows the fact that Harriet and Mr. Elton are completely unsuited, and that Harriet and her farmer are made for each other. Through a lot of hilarious scenes, Emma comes to realize that she doesn’t know as much as she thinks, and learns that it’s better to let other people manage their own lives. As the other works of Jane Austen, Emma describes the ordinary person and trivial matters. The plot develops around the activities of choosing spouse for the heroines. It reveals the bad habit that people regarded marriage as the economic insurance to woman at that time. In order to raise the economic position, they emphasized the family status but ignored women’s feelings and rights. The main female characters in Emma all seek the equal communication with man, they demand the equal rights in the social position, and insist on the freedom of observing and choosing spouses.

The Importance of Friendship

It’s impossible to know all of the different cultural differences in body language that you can run into. And trying to abide by all of them is even tougher. If I did, I’d be running around not looking at anyone with my hands in my pockets. Of course, then I would be offending both Turkish people (hands in my pockets) and all of my friends in the States. This is article is a compilation of my research. I apologize if I omit anything or make a mistake – there’s so much information in regards to this subject, and it’s difficult to capture it all.Drop me a line or comment if you see an error or want to add something. 1. Eye Contact: In the United States and Canada, INTERMITTENT eye contact is extremely important in conveying interest and attention. In many Middle Eastern cultures, INTENSE eye contact between the same genders is often a symbol of trust and sincerity however, between opposite genders, especially in Muslim cultures, anything more than BRI EF eye contact is considered inappropriate. Additionally, in Asian, African, and Latin American cultures, extended eye contact is considered a â€Å"challenge.†The Japanese tend to consider even brief eye contact uncomfortable. And, in some cultures, a woman should look down when talking to a man (thanks to thank Denise Gerdes, a former Peace Corps volunteer from Minnesota for that information). 2. Handshakes: In my handshake article Networking 101: You Better Get A Grip and Read This, I talked about the handshake in Western cultures. Between cultures, however, there are differences that could throw you off! For example, in parts of Northern Europe a quick firm â€Å"one-pump† handshake is the norm.In parts of Southern Europe, Central and South America, a handshake is longer and warmer – meaning the left hand usually touches the clasped hands, the elbow, or even the lapel of the shakee. Beware that in Turkey, a firm handshake is considered rude and aggressive. I n certain African countries, a limp handshake is the standard. Men in Islamic countries never shake the hands of women outside the family. 3. Greetings: In America, we have the standard greeting: â€Å"Hello, my name is.. † with a handshake.At a networking event, chances are persons from a different culture will probably assimilate into everyone else’s style, however, there are other greetings out there of which you should be aware. In Japan, people bow. In Italy, people kiss cheeks. There is a very interesting list over at Bruce Van Patter’s website. 4. Personal Space: I get freaked out when someone gets too close to me – and I immediately try to end the conversation. However, in some cultures it is normal to be â€Å"in the bubble.†In China, if someone is doing business, it is widely accepted to have NO personal space at all. Strangers regularly touch when standing near each other. On the other hand, some cultures require much more space than in America. Keep in mind, that personal space will differ for everyone based on their upbringing. The advice that I would give, is that if you are unsure, start with your comfort zone, and let the other person move to where they are comfortable. 5. Touching:This is a big no-no. It may look okay, but you could be fooled.For example, did you know that in some sects of Judaism, the only woman that a man will touch in his lifetime is the woman he is married to? In Japan, Scandinavia, and England, touching is less frequent. In Latino cultures, touching is encouraged. This may not have a place in this article, but still interesting: NEVER touch a person’s head. This can be religiously offensive. Really, when you are out networking, just DON’T touch – except to shake hands. If you are comfortable, let the other person guide what is appropriate to them. 6. Small Talk: It’s tough to make small talk.And to make it even tougher, sometimes it is different in cultures ou tside of America. There was not much research on this, however, some of my loyal readers were able to help me out. Susanne Ebling of Washington, D. C suggests that in other cultures, just because you are asked â€Å"How are you? ,† it doesn’t mean that the other person is asking for a full health report. Keep in mind that this is not always a cultural thing. If someone you don’t know asks you how you are, you should never say anything but, â€Å"excellent,† or â€Å"fine,† or some derivative.Also, James Yoakum from New York reminded me that in America, often it is appropriate to ask what a person does for a living in a conversation. In fact, that’s how most people make small talk — and, in certain situations, it’s completely wrong, which I will discuss in another article. However, what you need to know now is that for many cultures it is inappropriate to ask this altogether. I say, learn how to network without making this part of your â€Å"small-talk† routine. 7. Personal Dress and Hygiene: I don’t know of any culture where it is acceptable to not brush your teeth.I could be wrong. However, everything else can vary! Some cultures don’t shave – their mens’ faces (or womens’ legs or underarms). Some cultures never wear deodorant and others don’t bathe as frequently. You must be careful to make sure you do not offend anyone. And yes, sometimes odors that are quite odd to you might be very acceptable in another culture. 8. Gestures:They mean different things everywhere. Seriously, keep your gestures to yourself. If you want to flip off the business card warrior, it might not have any effect at all if he/she is from a different culture.In fact, in some cultures, it’s used as a pointer. The thumbs-up has all different meanings too. At the peril of destroying my reputation, I am not even going to write about them. Also be careful with the American â€Å"A -Ok† sign and putting your hands on your hips. Conclusions: The two most important ideas to take away from this article is that you know these differences exist and that you treat others how you would want to be treated. Once again, the best policy is to let the other person lead the interaction if you are unsure. That way, you can never be wrong!

12 Research Essay Topics on Apache Native Americans

12 Research Essay Topics on Apache Native Americans If you have to write a research essay on the Apache Native Americans, it is important to substantiate all of the information you present with evidence. It is for this reason that you will find twelve superb facts on Apache Native Americans below which can be used in your research essay writing. Remember that these should be used to support claims you make within the body of your writing: The Apache Native Americans were not immune to the conflicts between settlers and the U.S. Federal rules. These rules and the migration forced many native tribes out of their ancestral lands and onto reservations, a proposition which resulted in backlash at the start by many of the natives. Massacres broke out in response to westward expansion at Sand Creek in 1864 and again at Wounded Knee in 1890 between the United States Army and the Apache Native Americans. The Apache reside in the Southwest deserts, primarily in Arizona, Texas, and New Mexico. Some Apache tribes were captured during the 1800’s and sent to live in Oklahoma, while others remained in New Mexico and Arizona. The Na’ishan are called the Plains Apache and they reside in what is today Oklahoma. This tribe is referred to as the Kiowa-Apaches because many of their customs are similar to the Kiowa allies more so than to the other native Apache tribes. They are still living there today. Today there are 30,000 Apache Native Americans living in the United States. There are 13 Apache tribes living in the United States. Five of the tribes are in Arizona, another five are in New Mexico, and the remaining three are in Oklahoma. Each of the tribes in Arizona and New Mexico has their own reservation. These are lands which are under complete control of the tribes. In Oklahoma, the tribes remain on trust land. Every tribe has many of the same laws, services, and government functions the same as a small country. While living under their own laws, police forces, government, and services, they are nonetheless considered U.S. citizens and required to obey American laws. Historically every Apache band was led by a chief, who was selected for the position by the tribal council. All of the important decisions which had to be made for the band were done so by way of the council. In such situations, each of the members of the council had to agree before any action could be made. In this sense the chief functions more as a chairman for the tribe rather than as a president and his job as to mediate between all members of the council. Today, these tribal councils are still used for the Apache tribes. Today the Apache Native Americans speak a native Apache tongue close to that of Navajo but they also speak English. The Apache language is one with many different vowel sounds and tones, which can be difficult for non-native speakers to pronounce. Apache Native American children will enjoy schooling, chores, and playing the same as other children. Historically, they would complete more chores and enjoy more play time on par with colonial children but today many children enjoy fishing and hunting with their fathers. Today the children enjoy archery games, learn how to ride horses, and have toys and dolls. The Apache women were tasked with taking care of the home which included taking care of their children and cooking, but extended to include the construction of new houses for the family whenever the tribe had to change their location. The girls learned how to ride horses and shoot the same as the boys, and in some cases the women of the tribe were able to defend the villages when an attack took place. Nonetheless, it was rare for Apache women to serve as warriors. The men were the warriors, the hunters, and the political leaders who could be appointed chief of the tribe. Both men and women were involved in traditional medicine, story-telling, art, and music. The Apache Native Americans resided in wickiups, which were small dwellings about the size of camping tents, which were constructed out of wood frames covered in brush matting and a buffalo tarp. These could be set up in as little as two hours if there existed enough brush in the new location. The reason for this is that the Apache beliefs require the homes to be burned down and rebuilt in cases where a family member dies. For this reason the structure remains simple and the construction quick. Those Apache residing in the Plains, or Oklahoma, used the tipis as their housing where were also covered in buffalo hide but were easier to heat and offered more space. Today the people reside in modern homes with very few tribal members residing in modernized wickiups. Those who still follow the Apache beliefs remain in the wickiups because they can be burned down while an apartment cannot. The Apache women would historically dress in dresses made of buckskin while the men would wear breechcloths and leather war shirts. After Mexican influence in the 1800’s the men began to wear white cotton pants and tunics while the women wore skirts and dresses in calico. The tribes would wear moccasins or moccasin boots for their feet. The dresses for ladies and warrior shirts for men were decorated with fringe and beads, many of which were symbolic. The Plains Apache tribes living in Oklahoma took after the Kiowas and wore the feather war bonnets. For ceremonies, special masks and head dresses made of wood were worn. The women wore their long hair down or in a bun, secured with a hair ornament called the nah-leens. The men would keep their hair at shoulder length, save for those in the Plains area. Both men and women would wear choker-style necklaces and shell jewelry and would paint their faces on religious, special, or festive occasions. These facts will definitely help you in writing a research essay. The story of Apache is very interesting, so you don’t need to worry that you’ll not have enough information for your paper. But if you want even more check out our 20 topics for a research essay on Apache Native Americans or look through out tips on how to write a research essay. Combining all this, you will write an excellent paper in college and university! References: Curtis, Edward S.  The North American Indian, Vol. 1. Quality Classics, 2013. Goodwin, Grenville.  The social organization of the Western Apache. University of Arizona Press, 1942. Jacobs, Sue-Ellen.  Two-spirit people: Native American gender identity, sexuality, and spirituality. University of Illinois Press, 1997. Kroeber, Alfred Louis.  Cultural and natural areas of native North America. Vol. 38. Univ of California Press, 1947. Lockwood, Frank C.  The Apache Indians. U of Nebraska Press, 1938. Merriwether, D. Andrew, Francisco Rothhammer, and Robert E. Ferrell. Distribution of the four founding lineage haplotypes in Native Americans suggests a single wave of migration for the New World.  American Journal of Physical Anthropology  98.4 (1995): 411-430. Nabokov, Peter.  Native American testimony: an anthology of Indian and White relations; first encounter to dispossession. Crowell, 1978.

mythology essays

mythology essays The subject of mythology deals mainly with the notion of battle, or good versus evil. In this struggle many individuals are singled out for either the evil they cause, or from the good they bring to people. When you mention heroes in mythology, there are two distinct names that a majority of people bring up, those names are Achilles and Hercules. Achilles was born to King Peleus and the sea-nymph Thetis. Soonafter Achilles was born his mother dipped him in the River Styx, she was told, by doing this, that the water would make every part of his body that it touched invincible. Little did she know that the one part of his heel which he was held by would not touch the water. When Achilles mother found out about the war in Troy between the Greeks and the Trojans she did not want her son to fight because she knew that he would eventually be killed there. The way that she tried to preventhim from going into the army was to hide him among the women of the court sothat he could not be persua ded by his close friend Odysseus to join the Greek forces. While trying to find Achilles, Odysseus easily spotted him among the women, and persuaded him to join the Greek army. After many years of battle with the Trojan forces, Achilles ended up ina famed duel with Trojan hero Hector, over the slaying of Achilles close friend Patroclus. After killing Hector, Achilles tied his dead body behind a chariot and dragged around the walls of Troy seven times to show his hatred and anger towards the Trojans and their hero. Shortly after the famed battle, Achilles was killed when he was struck, with a poisonous arrow, in the one small spot on his heel which was vulnerable. The arrow was fired by the Trojan prince Paris and was guided by the sun god Apollo. Hercules was the strongest and swiftest man ever to walk the earth. As the son of Zeus and mortal woman Alcmene, Hercules was destined to be a hero. This destiny was shown before he was one year old. Enraged at his...

Heat Exchangers Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Heat Exchangers - Research Paper Example   At the center of the heat exchanger lies two plates that are pinned together by pressing them and welding them together. There is a module whose function is to carry fluids in and out of the whole system. This combination is very efficient in offering high operating temperatures, and high pressure a factor that is vital in the heat exchange process.   The heat exchanger is able to function well without any gaskets. This means that it is able to work under these extreme conditions without any risk of leaking the fluid during the heat exchange process. Normally different types of heat exchangers are combined to come up with a more effective, cost friendly and efficient unit of the heat exchanger and the plate and shell heat exchanger is just but one example. This means that the fluids enter at the opposite ends of the unit enabling them to flow into the center of the exchanger. As the fluids come close to each other, there is an exchange of heat between the fluids.   As the flu id passes through the exchanger it either lose or absorb heat due to latent heat.  According to the nature of the heat exchange process, plates and shell heat exchangers are classified as indirect contact heat exchangers. The exchange of heat takes place by direct mixing of hot and cold fluids allowing transfer of heat and mass to take place simultaneously in a direct contact heat exchanger and such a unit is applicable only where the two fluids are either harmless when in contact or are desirable.

U05a1 Case Analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

U05a1 Analysis - Case Study Example As early as in 1985, the possibility of a great disaster in case of an explosion inside the tunnel was pointed out by ‘The Baltimore Sun’. However, nothing was done to ensure safety in case of such a disaster. The city’s 440 page emergency plan contained no provision to meet such an eventuality. The event On 18 July 2001, a freight train of CSX that was carrying various items from paper, plywood, soy oil, and many chemicals derailed inside the tunnel. As a result of derailing, there was fire and smoke. The crew of the train could not contact authorities and hence, they uncoupled the first three locomotives and drove out of the tunnel. Soon, thick smoke started covering the city. The fire department was getting calls from different parts of the city reporting smoke. The waybill from the train crew revealed that the train carried hazardous materials like hydrochloric acid, flurocilicic acid, tripopylene, glacial acetic acid, ethyl hexyl phthalate, and propylene glyc ol. While some of these were combustible, others could create breathing problems and skin burns. A possibility of ‘boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE) could not be ruled out, which could mean total destruction of the city. In addition, the fire officials were not at all familiar with handling those chemicals. As it is rightly said in Penuel, Statler, and Golson (2011, p.89), decisions during a crisis are to be taken in an environment where issues are wrongly defined and data is erroneous. The management of the situation It seems that the fire department proceeded well in accordance with the stipulated procedures. As the city’s emergency plan did not provide any guidelines, it was for the first responder- the fire department- to take the lead. As per the stipulated incident command procedure, the senior officer of the first unit on the scene is responsible to assess the situation, and, depending on the seriousness of the situation, to report upwards. Exactly in the same way, the matter was reported to Chief Heinbuch, and soon he started the command post near the north end of the tunnel. This step too seems well in accordance with the suggested procedures in case of an emergency. Soon, Heinbuch took charge of the situation, and set up the command post near the north end of the tunnel. At this juncture, it is worth remembering that this step too is well in accordance with the stipulation that an incident command post will be established within close proximity to incident response operations. (Penuel et al., 2011, p. 89). The next positive point to note from the case is the cooperation between the fire department and the Maryland Department of Environment (MDE). According to the reports, both the departments worked and trained together, and hence, communication and cooperation were instantaneous. It seems that there was an averagely effective management of the situation. It seems that the team was able to establish link with a number of o ther groups ranging from MDE, public health, public works department, and the department of transportation, US Coast Guard, the EPA, and the National Transportation Safety Board. Still, there was serious lack of communication among groups that could lead to loss of lives. An example is the effort by DPW crews on 19 July to excavate the water

Environmental Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Environmental Economics - Essay Example A crisis that is brought about by the accelerated and possible irrevocably impacts of the human activities on the nature agitate for cooperative responses by the intercontinental institutions, governments and the whole populace as well. Governance has therefore, been in the forefront to try and meet the crisis brought about by the environmental problems in the world by their efforts to pool their various experiences and knowledge of the concerned agents and institutions (Gaikwad, 2011). But it should be understood that, the augmenting scales and the gravities of the environmental concerns that are in terms of climatic changes, depletion of biological diversity and deprivation of the ecosystem service threatens to block and likely attempt by various stakeholders including global markets and all the international corporations to reach a solution (Tata Motors, 2012). This aspect has therefore, played a major role in restricting some possible prospects of the economic progress in most re gions and countries The environmental protection actions still remain inadequate in the warning face of the scientific community. The essential reforms indicate a sluggish process that necessitates a lot of diplomatic negotiations, time, energy and above everything money. An extremely serious environmental crisis has demonstrated its in capabilities in the generation of the unanimous reaction from all countries (Gaikwad, 2011). The persistence divisions among the global markets have played a major role in slowing down the advancement towards a suitable organized international environmental governance. Nature pays no attention on the social and the political obstructions and more so various environmental aspects which are meant for change that includes contamination and climatic changes that are indifferent to both borders and states. The international nature of the rooming environmental crisis tends to revoke out the outcomes of all the measures put in place unilaterally by any nati onal body or a particular institution. This therefore, raises a greater need to formulate and apply lasting means for the inter-sector collaboration derived from a holistic perspective of sustainability. A feature of cooperation is needed between the actors and the organizations who are working on the environmental problems (Srinivas, 1999). Along the Montreal protocol to eliminate materials that diminish the ozone layer, it was identified that the stratospheric ozone layer act as shelter in the atmosphere which protects lives on planet earth from the harmful ultraviolet rays. Scientists therefore, observed that, the ozone layer was getting thinner every now and then. The Nations that are UN recognized have endorsed a treaty and are forging ahead to ban the production of the substances that destroy the ozone layer while also coming up with other ozone friendly options (US Environmental

Comparative Analysis of Kohl and J.Cpenny Essay Example for Free

Comparative Analysis of Kohl and J.Cpenny Essay The sample project compares the ratio performance of Tootsie Roll and Hershey using the 2009 financial statements of Tootsie Roll and Hershey provided in Appendix A and Appendix B of your textbook. Description This course contains a course project where you will be required to submit one draft of the Project at the end of Week 5 and the final completed Project at the end of Week 7. Using the financial statements for Kohl’s Corporation and J. C. Penney Corporation, respectively, you will calculate nd compare the financial ratios listed further down this document for the fiscal year ending 2010 and prepare your comments about the liquidity, solvency and profitability of the two companies based on your ratio calculations. The entire project will be graded by the instructor at the end of the final submission in week 7 and one grade will be assigned for the entire project. Overall Requirements For the Final Submission: Your final Excel workbook submission should contain the following. You cannot use any other software but Excel to complete this Project. )A completed worksheet title page tab which is really a cover sheet with your name, the course, the date, your instructor’s name and the title for the project. 2)A completed worksheet profiles tab which contains a one paragraph description regarding each company with information about their history, what products they sell, where they are located, etc. 3)All 18 ratios for each company with the supporting calculations and commentary on your worksheet ratio tab. Supporting calculations must be shown either as a formula or as text typed into a different cell. The ratios are listed further down this document. Your comments for each ratio should include more than just a definition of the ratio. You should focus on interpreting each ratio number for each company and support your comments with the numbers found in the ratios. 4)The Summary and Conclusions worksheet tab which is an overall comparison of how each company compares in terms of the major category of ratios (Liquidity, Profitability, and Solvency). A nice way to conclude is to state which company you think is the better investment and why. )The Bibliography worksheet tab must contain at least your textbook as a reference. Any other information you use to profile the companies should also be cited as a reference. Required Ratios for Final Project Submission 1)Earnings per Share 2)Current Ratio 3)Gross Profit Rate 4)Profit Margin Ratio 5)Inventory Turnover Ratio 6)Days in Inventory 7)Receivables Turnover Ratio 8)Average Collection Period 9)Asset Turnover Ratio. Times Interest Earned Ratio 13)Payout ratio 4)Return on Common Stockholders’ Equity Ratio 15)Free Cash Flow 16)Current Cash Debt Coverage Ratio 17)Cash Debt Coverage Ratio 18)Price/Earnings Ratio [For the purpose of this ratio, for both Kohl’s and J. C. Penney, use the market price per share on January 31, 2011] The Excel files uploaded in the dropboxes should not include any unnecessary numbers or information (such as previous years ratios, ratios that were not specifically asked for in the project, etc. ). Please upload your final submission to the Week 7 Dropbox by the Sunday ending Week 7. For the Draft: Create an Excel spreadsheet or use the Project template to show your computations for the first 12 ratios listed above. The more you can complete regarding the other requirements the closer you will be to completion when Week 7 arrives. Supporting calculations must be shown either as a formula or as text typed into a different cell. If you plan on creating your own spreadsheet, please follow the format provided in the Tootsie Roll and Hershey template file. Please upload your draft submission to the Week 5 Dropbox by the Sunday ending Week 5. Other Helpful information: If you feel uncomfortable with Excel, you can find many helpful references on Excel by performing a Google search. The Appendix to Chapter 13 contains ratio calculations and comparison comments related to Kellogg and General Mills so you will likely find this information helpful. BigCharts. com provides historical stock quotes. Either APA or MLA style can be used to complete the references on your Bibliography tab. There is a tutorial for APA and MLA style within the syllabus.

Environmental Impacts From Dam Construction

Environmental Impacts From Dam Construction The construction of large dams always change the relationship of water and land that destroy the existing ecosystem balance whereas in many cases, has taken thousands of years to create. Now, there are around 40,000 large dams that obstruct the worlds rivers, completely changing their circulation systems. This is not going to occur without dire environmental impacts. About past few years, the negative impacts of dams have become so familiar that most of countries had to stop building them altogether and are now forced to invest their money into fixing the problems created by existing dams. Construction of the dam does not necessarily only bring benefits. But on the other hand there are adverse effects of dam construction that existed before and after construction must be considered. It will not only affect the construction environment, but can be up to the river mouth. Among the effects of dam construction is:- ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM PROBLEMS No doubt the problem will arise in our ecosystem. It is usually starts from the beginning of the constructions until the affected downstream natural river. Many cases studies and much information can not be used as reference material before extinct. Indirectly, the genetic diversity of biological resources and destroyed. Many endangered species of aquatic animals, land, forest issues. Deforestation Construction of dams required extensive land clearing without any control. As in Bakun and at Lake Chini has a significant impact and can be seen clearly. The most obvious example of the Bakun dam has destroyed the natural habitat of 70.000 hectares of Singapore. Another example is the dam of Lake Chini, Pahang is also clear that there are 60 hectares of forest. Vegetative damaged ecosystems and hence have an impact on wildlife. Disturbed the natural habitat and cause the organism to find a new habitat or the continued extinction of the area. Extinction of flora and fauna, and disruption In Temenggor, dam have been identified as causes of this problem with the number of fish in the Sungai Perak terubuk decreasing. Another problem is the transfer of animals from the forest to the occupation. This causes problems for local residents who live nearby. As an example was the construction of ordinary dam at Bakun. This problem will increase if no action is taken and control. Other example, the reproduction of freshwater turtles is threatened by this situation. It also prevents the passage of freshwater turtles and fish and thus interferes with their breeding habits and movements. In rivers with biologically productive estuaries, both marine and fish and also shellfish suffer from the changes in water flow and quality. Changes in fresh and quality water flows and the salinity balance in an estuary will alter species distribution and breeding pattern of fish. Furthermore, changes in nutrient levels and decrease in the quality of the river water can also gives bad impacts on the productivity of the fish. These changes can also have major effects on marine species which is the feed of their life cycle in the marine, or are influenced by water quality changes in the coastal areas. The greatest impact on wildlife will come from loss of habitat. This is as result from the reservoir filling and land use changes in the catchment area. Migratory patterns of wildlife and the fish may be disrupted by the dam. This will make the aquatic fauna, include waterfowl, amphibians and reptiles can increase because of the construction of dam. Water pollution / Water quality Usually, the river will be effect on soil erosion and the silt occurs during the construction and disposal of water. Because of that, the water becomes brown and it was caused of a problem for growth of aquatic plants. But on the other hand, the river will be a shortage of minerals due to system problems slowed the flow of water caused water dam. Then, rate of mineral and oxygen was decreasing. Further problems arise when people cultivated their crops. The used of pesticides can not be drained and recycled in a river. The material from the construction of dam itself which is the steel consumption rates also affect water quality when water is released from the dam. The obvious changes occur in the timing of flow, quality, quantity and use of water, aquatic biota, and sedimentation in the river basin. The area of influence of a dam construction projects extend from the upper limits of the catchment of the reservoir to as far downstream as the marine and coast or offshore zone. While there are direct environment impacts related with the construction of the dam for examples, dust, erosion, borrow and the disposal problems. The greatest impacts result from the impoundment of water, flooding of land to form the dam and alteration of water flow downstream. These effects also have direct impacts on soils, vegetation, wildlife and wild lands, fisheries, climate and also the human populations in that area. Other effect Construction of the dam has an adverse impact on river hydro ecosystem. Other disadvantages are affected fish population in the river if the construction of the dam occurred at the upper river. That situation took place on the Temenggor Dam, Bersia Kenering. Deep study was done in Lake Chenderoh. Fishery catches in the dam is low and only 22 species were captured, and 15 of them consisted of fish caught by family Cyprinid. Most using drift nets, and this small shows lack large fish in that dam. Results show catch per unit effort will be between (2.7 12.8 kg. per fisherman-day with a value between RM4.94-32.43-per-day fishing.

Christopher Columbus: Hero or Villain? Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout all of our years that we are taught about world history, we are led to believe that Columbus was one of the greatest explorers of all time. In my mind there is no question about whether Christopher Columbus discovered America; of course he did, its Columbus! However, this is a highly debated issue and through writings by authors Jeffery Hart and James W. Loewen we will investigate the true importance of Columbus.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the essay written by Jeffrey Hart entitled, â€Å"Discovering Columbus†, he argues strongly that, in fact, Columbus did discover America. He starts off by describing Columbus as â€Å"a genuine titan, a hero of history and of the human spirit.† He goes on to say that, â€Å"In discovering a new part of the world, Columbus destroyed such finite certainties†. By this he means that everyone thought the world was flat but by discovering this new land he â€Å"upset theologies†. He describes the reasons for Columbus going on a voyage as â€Å"multiple† and â€Å"confused†. Columbus wanted to cross the ocean to â€Å"prove his theories of navigation†. Since Spain was always desperate for wealth and the land routes were controlled by the Turks, Columbus wanted â€Å"to find a nautical way to the riches of Asia† and in the process of finding riches he wanted â€Å"to convert the pagan nations† to Christiani ty. He wanted to seek out â€Å"the Earthly Paradise† otherwise known as â€Å"Eden; as foreseen in the book of Revelation.† In doing all of these t...

Indofood Swot Analysis Essay

PT.Indofood Sukses Makmur is the Indonesia most successful company in producing food and drinks. PT.Indofood is located at Jakarta and it is founded by Sudono Salim in 1990 with the name of PT. Panganjaya Intikusuma and changed their name in 1994 to Indofood. Indofood company has also exported their food and drinks into Australia,Europe, and Asia. In this few decades, the Indofood company has turned to be a total food solutions that they do the whole food operational from the processing the raw materials of food until become a food that are stored in the supermarket or convenient store. Now Indofood is also have the plantation and distribution company. SWOT analysis of the company. Strengthness. 1.Indofood is the biggest food company in Indonesia 2.Indofood brand is the most known food brand in Indonesia. 3.Indofood has the low cost of production. 4.Indofood product is practical and easy to find anywhere. 5.Distribution reachs are so big. 6.Indofood product cost cheaper than their compatitors. 7.Indofood taste is already accepted by the Indonesians and the foreigners. 8.Indofood distribute their food to alot of country. 9.Indofood has done a lot of corporate social responsibility. 10.Indofood financial is very strong. Weaknesses. 1.too much alternative products rather than focusing on one product. 2.too much flavour on their products 3.market demand hasn’t fulfilled yet. 4.too many variations of food. Opportunities. 1.Can do exporting their product to the whole world 2.Can do partnership with foreign food company 3.Can control the whole food market in Indonesia 4.Indofood Stocks can be the highest price in the stockmarket. Threats. 1.Too much compatitors nowadays 2.they dont focused on one product 3.Competitors Innovation and Promotion are better. 4.Bad Issues from other country about the health.

Compare-Contrast

Compare-Contrast This paper is on compare-contrast of two advertisements dealing with two beauty products. One will be targeted towards men, while the other will be targeted towards women. The two beauty products advertisements that will be compared and contrast are the Axe Body Spray advertisement (18-19) and the Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist advertisement (Bath and Body Works). Both advertisements use different marketing promotions technique to try to get the attention and win over their target audience.The manufacturers know in order to get the audience attention it has to rely on several demands of the audience; one of them is the sex appeal their products bring to the table, because that’s what evidently moves the product off the shelves. The manufacturers also try to impress the audience by using the passion, credibility, and the traditional demands that they need to sell their products. The Axe Body Spray advertisement is more effective than the Victoriaâ€⠄¢s Secret fragrance mist advertisement because of its emotions, authority, and cultural appeal.The Axe Body Spray advertisement shows the emotion and excitement women are looking for. Women will demand more passionate fragrance giving women satisfying. The Axe Body Spray advertisement uses several more exciting colors than the Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist advertisement which uses only feminine colors. Women like more passion and exciting colors, making Axe Body Spray advertisement more interesting and appealing. By using those specific colors the Axe Body Spray advertisement is telling the audience that with intense and exciting colors the consumer will get what he or she wants and desires.While the Axe Body Spray advertisement shows a more emotional and exciting look, Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist advertisement shows a more sexy and feminine look. The Victoria’s Secret advertisement adds a different flavor by only showing a simple but effective pink col or which represents a fresh and glowing appearance. By using their worldwide known brand name, the Victoria’s Secret advertisement doesn’t have to be complex to draw the interest of their audience.Victoria’s Secret has a history of producing the highest quality products and remains very effective to continue to provide supply and demand, keeping the consumers content. When looking at the Axe Body Spray advertisement and the Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist advertisement, Axe Body Spray advertisement shows more of an intense and extreme look. It has a look women seem to enjoy and appreciate by showing a new different look. It also catches the audience’s attention by adding a curve and a twist, presenting a more masculine appearance.By adding a curve and a twist, the advertisement is able to tell the audience what direction the advertisement wants them to go. The Axe Body Spray advertisement presents the control it has when using the right special ef fects. Victoria’s Secret advertisement already has the authority and credibility created history by it’s that has attracted the younger through mid-age generation. The perception that the advertisement has given is a sense of that the fragrance are fresh, simple and sexy.The Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist advertisement also shows it is dependable and effective in its ability to attract their target audience by getting their attention through a wide range of fragrances. There is a cultural belief that all males Body Spray such as Axes’ always have a strong and masculine fragrance. Axe Body Spray has always tried to impress women with their fragrance, despite the opinion that all body spray has a strong and masculine fragrance. Well, that’s not always the case.Axe Body Spray now has some fragrances that have a more desirable fragrance for women. In which Axe Body Spray uses more sweet smelling fragrances, making the fragrances more appealing to wom en. Traditionally, what the female audience is looking for is a variety of fragrances that are sexy, feminine, and fresh and at the same time appealing to men. Once again, the Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist advertisement shows there are a large variety of fragrances to choose from, proving it provides supply and demand, what their audience are looking for.With the advertisement showing several different fragrances it gives it a more of a selective look to see if there is any fragrance that might appeal to the audience, which makes it a more marketable product. With both beauty products advertisements targeting their audience, sex appeal continues to grab the attention of the audience and that’s what sells the product. Advertisers have to be careful not to put too much sex appeal into their advertisements or their message on their product will be overlooked.By using sex appeal appropriated and not over doing it will easily benefited the manufacture. Axe has commercial s showing women who are running after men wearing Axe Body Spray. Victoria’s Secret has commercials showing beautiful women wearing sexy lingerie and using their fragrance mist. The Axe Body Spray and the Victoria’s Secret advertisements aren’t showing muscular men or sexy lingerie wearing women, but just by their presentation layout and their worldwide brand name gives the audience a very good idea what the manufacture is trying to sell and gets to the point consumers are looking for.In conclusion, we all can make the argument that Victoria’s Secret is a worldwide known name brand that’s been around for years and Axe Body Spray which seem like it is just now getting started. Both advertisements make it clear that it’s very important for each person to feel at ease and comfortable when he or she steps out of their home and into the world, to feel that he or she can overcome whatever lies ahead. The audience can feel more comfortable and they don’t have to worry about putting out an unpleasant scent when they are not using one of their body sprays.The strategies between the two advertisements, the Axe Body Spray and the Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist differ from the standpoint of the target audience and the viewpoints that are offered. While the Axe Body Spray advertisement used advance technologies and modern promotion techniques directed to the strong and masculine audience, Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist advertisement addressed the younger through mid-age generation stressing a more simply but sexy appeal.The Axe Body Spray advertisement is shows to be more effective than the Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist advertisement because of its emotions it is trying to express, authority, and the cultural appeal. Work Cited Axe Twist Body Spray. advertisement. Rolling Stone. June 2010: 18-19. Print Bath and Body Works. â€Å"Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist. † bathandbodyworks. c om. Bath and Body Works, Inc. 2012. Web. 22 May 2012. Compare-Contrast Compare-Contrast This paper is on compare-contrast of two advertisements dealing with two beauty products. One will be targeted towards men, while the other will be targeted towards women. The two beauty products advertisements that will be compared and contrast are the Axe Body Spray advertisement (18-19) and the Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist advertisement (Bath and Body Works). Both advertisements use different marketing promotions technique to try to get the attention and win over their target audience.The manufacturers know in order to get the audience attention it has to rely on several demands of the audience; one of them is the sex appeal their products bring to the table, because that’s what evidently moves the product off the shelves. The manufacturers also try to impress the audience by using the passion, credibility, and the traditional demands that they need to sell their products. The Axe Body Spray advertisement is more effective than the Victoriaâ€⠄¢s Secret fragrance mist advertisement because of its emotions, authority, and cultural appeal.The Axe Body Spray advertisement shows the emotion and excitement women are looking for. Women will demand more passionate fragrance giving women satisfying. The Axe Body Spray advertisement uses several more exciting colors than the Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist advertisement which uses only feminine colors. Women like more passion and exciting colors, making Axe Body Spray advertisement more interesting and appealing. By using those specific colors the Axe Body Spray advertisement is telling the audience that with intense and exciting colors the consumer will get what he or she wants and desires.While the Axe Body Spray advertisement shows a more emotional and exciting look, Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist advertisement shows a more sexy and feminine look. The Victoria’s Secret advertisement adds a different flavor by only showing a simple but effective pink col or which represents a fresh and glowing appearance. By using their worldwide known brand name, the Victoria’s Secret advertisement doesn’t have to be complex to draw the interest of their audience.Victoria’s Secret has a history of producing the highest quality products and remains very effective to continue to provide supply and demand, keeping the consumers content. When looking at the Axe Body Spray advertisement and the Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist advertisement, Axe Body Spray advertisement shows more of an intense and extreme look. It has a look women seem to enjoy and appreciate by showing a new different look. It also catches the audience’s attention by adding a curve and a twist, presenting a more masculine appearance.By adding a curve and a twist, the advertisement is able to tell the audience what direction the advertisement wants them to go. The Axe Body Spray advertisement presents the control it has when using the right special ef fects. Victoria’s Secret advertisement already has the authority and credibility created history by it’s that has attracted the younger through mid-age generation. The perception that the advertisement has given is a sense of that the fragrance are fresh, simple and sexy.The Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist advertisement also shows it is dependable and effective in its ability to attract their target audience by getting their attention through a wide range of fragrances. There is a cultural belief that all males Body Spray such as Axes’ always have a strong and masculine fragrance. Axe Body Spray has always tried to impress women with their fragrance, despite the opinion that all body spray has a strong and masculine fragrance. Well, that’s not always the case.Axe Body Spray now has some fragrances that have a more desirable fragrance for women. In which Axe Body Spray uses more sweet smelling fragrances, making the fragrances more appealing to wom en. Traditionally, what the female audience is looking for is a variety of fragrances that are sexy, feminine, and fresh and at the same time appealing to men. Once again, the Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist advertisement shows there are a large variety of fragrances to choose from, proving it provides supply and demand, what their audience are looking for.With the advertisement showing several different fragrances it gives it a more of a selective look to see if there is any fragrance that might appeal to the audience, which makes it a more marketable product. With both beauty products advertisements targeting their audience, sex appeal continues to grab the attention of the audience and that’s what sells the product. Advertisers have to be careful not to put too much sex appeal into their advertisements or their message on their product will be overlooked.By using sex appeal appropriated and not over doing it will easily benefited the manufacture. Axe has commercial s showing women who are running after men wearing Axe Body Spray. Victoria’s Secret has commercials showing beautiful women wearing sexy lingerie and using their fragrance mist. The Axe Body Spray and the Victoria’s Secret advertisements aren’t showing muscular men or sexy lingerie wearing women, but just by their presentation layout and their worldwide brand name gives the audience a very good idea what the manufacture is trying to sell and gets to the point consumers are looking for.In conclusion, we all can make the argument that Victoria’s Secret is a worldwide known name brand that’s been around for years and Axe Body Spray which seem like it is just now getting started. Both advertisements make it clear that it’s very important for each person to feel at ease and comfortable when he or she steps out of their home and into the world, to feel that he or she can overcome whatever lies ahead. The audience can feel more comfortable and they don’t have to worry about putting out an unpleasant scent when they are not using one of their body sprays.The strategies between the two advertisements, the Axe Body Spray and the Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist differ from the standpoint of the target audience and the viewpoints that are offered. While the Axe Body Spray advertisement used advance technologies and modern promotion techniques directed to the strong and masculine audience, Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist advertisement addressed the younger through mid-age generation stressing a more simply but sexy appeal.The Axe Body Spray advertisement is shows to be more effective than the Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist advertisement because of its emotions it is trying to express, authority, and the cultural appeal. Work Cited Axe Twist Body Spray. advertisement. Rolling Stone. June 2010: 18-19. Print Bath and Body Works. â€Å"Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist. † bathandbodyworks. c om. Bath and Body Works, Inc. 2012. Web. 22 May 2012.